The genetic composition of cells

The genetic composition of cells can be altered by incorporation of exogenous DNA
into the cells. As a basis for understanding this concept:
a. Students know the general structures and functions of DNA, RNA, and protein.
b. Students know how to apply base-pairing rules to explain precise copying of DNA
during semiconservative replication and transcription of information from DNA
into mRNA.
c. Students know how genetic engineering (biotechnology) is used to produce novel
biomedical and agricultural products.
d.* Students know how basic DNA technology (restriction digestion by endonucleases,
gel electrophoresis, ligation, and transformation) is used to construct
recombinant DNA molecules.
e.* Students know how exogenous DNA can be inserted into bacterial cells to alter
their genetic makeup and support expression of new protein products.